This is a common phenomenon in knee osteoarthritis in China, and primary hip osteoarthritis is rare. However, in the recent past, people have realized that not only elderly people have osteoarthritis, but also more middle-aged people and even young people. Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease [arthritis] and is the leading cause of disability in the elderly in India and many countries. It is widely believed that the inevitable wear of aging alone leads to osteoarthritis, but this is not the whole truth. Not only will we see the elderly, but we will also see other people suffering from osteoarthritis.
Osteoarthritis [OA] in the peripheral joints, most commonly involving the knee joint, and the disease may affect one or more of the three compartments of the knee joint. The knee joint is used to transfer force from the thigh muscles to the legs to move the body. The load applied to the knee surface during normal daily activities is 2 to 7 times the weight. Therefore, it is no wonder that the knee is susceptible to wear [osteoarthritis]. Changes in osteoarthritis in the joint reduce the effectiveness of load transfer during these activities. The overall health condition is impaired, and knee OA has been shown to have more restrictions than walking on any other path in walking, climbing stairs or other daily activities. The form of disease in the elderly is called primary osteoarthritis, and the pain of young and middle-aged people is called secondary osteoarthritis. Let's look at the risk factors for developing secondary osteoarthritis, including other age groups in the general population.
These are two types, general or systemic and local risks.
General risk
Evolution
Men and two other mammals, elephants and bears are the only animals with straight knees. The evolution of the straight knee is invaluable, minimizing the energy consumption during walking, so that the body does not tilt from one side to the other like a creature whose knees are bent into two legs. The price or side effect of an upright posture is the weight transfer that occurs through the inner half of the knee joint. Therefore, the inner half of the knee cannot be worn in normal time.
genetic factors
They play a major role in the broad form of disease known to affect certain communities and families. The exact genetic location of increasing OA susceptibility is being investigated.
Diet
Many degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis are the result of tissue damage caused by "free oxygen free radicals" attacks. Normal chondrocytes are known to reduce free radicals. Antioxidants such as vitamins A, C and E have the potential to prevent such tissue damage. In one study, people who took large amounts of vitamin C had a 60-70% lower risk of developing progressive OA. According to the same study, high vitamin C intake was also associated with a reduced risk of knee pain.
Vitamin D plays an important role in bone mineralization. The above findings indicate that high levels prevent disease progression.
Bone density
About 30 years ago, surgeons removed the upper thigh bone from the operation of elderly patients with hip fracture. It was observed in partial hip arthroplasty that the end bone rarely showed changes in arthritis. Since then, many studies have confirmed an inverse relationship between osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. It is currently being investigated whether drugs for osteoporosis such as calcitonin and bisphosphonate can prevent X-ray changes in OA and prevent cartilage damage.
Female hormone deficiency [estrogen]
The incidence of knee OA in postmenopausal women increases, suggesting that estrogen deficiency may be a risk factor, and postmenopausal women are more likely to develop osteoarthritis. Despite the obvious correlation, more research is needed to understand the relationship between bone mineral density, estrogen and OA. Because women are the dominant behavior of OA knees, because most people [two-thirds] who undergo knee replacement are women, female-specific knee implants or prostheses have been developed for total knees. Joint replacement.
Local risk factor
Obesity
Increased weight helps increase the load through the weight-bearing knee, increases the weight three to seven times, and causes accelerated wear of the articular cartilage. The relationship between obesity and osteoarthritis is stronger on both sides than on unilateral disease, and women are larger than men. Since the load delivered to the knee varies between three and seven times the weight, doubling the weight causes the pressure on the knee to drop three to seven times. In addition, alignment of the knee joint may affect the effect of weight on the knee joint. Knees with arched legs are more stressed by weight, resulting in more severe internal arthritis.
physical activities
There is no evidence that participation in mild or moderate levels of physical activity [walking, running, dancing, cycling, gardening, and outdoor sports] throughout the life cycle increases the risk of an individual suffering from knee OA. This means that even middle-aged people can safely participate in these activities without suffering from osteoarthritis.
However, participation in high-intensity contact sports is closely related to the development of knee OA in elite athletes. Many tennis players, runners, and professional football players are more likely to suffer from knee arthritis and patella-femoral arthritis than age-matched controls.
Professional activity
Men who need to repeat occupations that use excessive knee joints, such as carpenters, painters, miners, and dockers, have an increased risk of knee OA. Crouching, squatting, squatting, climbing stairs and lifting heavy objects can cause abnormal joint load on the knee joint and cause cartilage damage. The risk factors for men and women are similar.
Injury
Some studies in Europe and the United States have confirmed that knee injury is a powerful predictor of knee OA development. Most knee injuries involve ACL [anterior cruciate ligament and ACL rupture are usually associated with meniscus injury or medial collateral ligament tear.] ACL injuries occur after a two-wheeler accident, after a home and outdoor accident. ACL deficiency and meniscal rupture are often associated with early degenerative arthritis changes. Although it is unclear to what extent conventional surgery for ACL reconstruction can delay the onset of arthritis, some studies have shown that early ACL reconstruction and meniscus retention rather than meniscectomy provide the greatest protection. Patients undergoing partial or total meniscal resection are usually operated by a surgeon after a knee injury. Economic suture and meniscus implantation are methods of preventing osteoarthritis. The former surgery is available, but the early surgery has not yet begun early teething problems. The meniscus transplant facility was announced in Chennai last year, but no graft supply has yet been provided.
Mechanical environment of the synagogue
If the alignment and balance are not perfect or the pressure is more or less, you can easily understand how any joint or bearing wears quickly by knowing the condition of the car tire. The tread of the ty overload section wears more. The same analogy applies to the knee. A bent knee like the one shown will grind faster. Increasing joint relaxation is accompanied by the contribution of age to OA.
muscle power
It is well known that the quadriceps of OA patients are weak. It is hypothesized that the decline in muscle strength is the result of disuse atrophy secondary to knee pain; although it has recently been noted that many patients with asymptomatic knee arthritis are weaker. Therefore, it is meaningful to develop thigh muscles to prevent arthritis or to improve their post-developmental symptoms, but it should be noted that increasing muscle strength does not prevent the progression of the disease.
In conclusion, knee osteoarthritis was once considered to be the inevitable result of aging and is now considered multifactorial due to various general and local factors such as age, genetic susceptibility, obesity, trauma and the mechanical properties of the joints. Caused by interaction. Traditional surgical treatment of OA "Total Knee Replacement" is the best long-term cost-effective solution. However, different affected patient populations may use other procedures, such as osteotomy to correct the alignment of bones around the knee, ACL reconstruction, cartilage surgery, and medication. They will not condemn patients for osteoarthritis at an earlier age and become candidates for total knee arthroplasty.
Orignal From: Knee arthritis is an inevitable aging
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